Fireworks from Outer Space, A Gift from Betelgeuse

• Betz, E. (2020, February 14). When Betelgeuse goes SUPERNOVA, what will it look like from earth? Retrieved February 24, 2021, from https://astronomy.com/news/2020/02/when-betelgeuse-goes-supernova-what-will-it-look-like-from-earth#:~:text=Humans%20would%20be%20able%20to,as%20the%20supernova%20aftermath%20dims.

• Siegel, E. (2020, January 23). This is what we'll see when betelgeuse really does go supernova. Retrieved February 24, 2021, from https://www.forbes.com/sites/startswithabang/2020/01/23/this-is-what-well-see-when-betelgeuse-really-does-go-supernova/?sh=71150c4443a2

Where the Moon Came From

• Hartmann, W. K. (2014). The giant impact hypothesis: past, present (and future?). Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 372(2024), 20130249. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2013.0249

The Power of Perseverance: Mars’s Newest Resident has Arrived

• NASA/JPL-Caltech.“Mission Overview: NASA's Perseverance Mars Rover.” mars.nasa.gov. NASA, July 27, 2020.Retrieved December 05, 2020. https://mars.nasa.gov/mars2020/multimedia/videos/?v=445

• National Aeronautics and Space Administration. “Mars Helicopter.” NASA, 2020. Retrieved December 06, 2020. https://mars.nasa.gov/technology/helicopter/.

• National Aeronautics and Space Administration. “Mars Oxygen In-Situ Resource Utilization Experiment (MOXIE).” mars.nasa.gov. NASA, 2020. Retrieved December 06, 2020. https://mars.nasa.gov/mars2020/spacecraft/instruments/moxie/.

• National Aeronautics and Space Administration. “Mars 2020 Perseverance Launch Press Kit.” Retrieved December 05, 2020. https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/press_kits/mars_2020/download/mars_2020_launch_press_kit.pdf

• National Aeronautics and Space Administration. “Overview.” NASA, 2020. Retrieved December 06, 2020. https://mars.nasa.gov/programmissions/overview/.

How Much DNA Do Identical Twins Really Share?

• Casselman, Anne. “Identical Twins' Genes Are Not Identical.” Scientific American, Scientific American, 3 Apr. 2008, www.scientificamerican.com/article/identical-twins-genes-are-not-identical/.

• “Genetics: Identical Twins Not so Similar: Spectrum: Autism Research News.” Spectrum, 20 Apr. 2011, www.spectrumnews.org/news/genetics-identical-twins-not-so-similar/. Identical Twins - Genome.gov. www.genome.gov/genetics-glossary/identical-twins.

• “Identical Twins Are Not so Identical, Study Suggests.” The Guardian, Guardian News and Media, 8 Jan. 2021, www.theguardian.com/science/2021/jan/08/identical-twins-are-not-so-identical-study-suggests.

• Jonsson, Hakon, et al. “Differences between Germline Genomes of Monozygotic Twins.” Nature News, Nature Publishing Group, 7 Jan. 2021, www.nature.com/articles/s41588-020-00755-1.

• Narayan, Choudhary Laxmi, et al. “Schizophrenia in Identical Twins.” Indian Journal of Psychiatry, Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd, 2015, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4623659/.

• Network, Marina SarrisInteractive Autism. “Twins Study Finds Large Genetic Influence in Autism.” Twins Study Finds Large Genetic Influence in Autism | Interactive Autism Network, 21 Aug. 2014, iancommunity.org/autism-twins-study.

• Nishioka, Masaki, et al. “Identification of Somatic Mutations in Monozygotic Twins Discordant for Psychiatric Disorders.” Nature News, Nature Publishing Group, 13 Apr. 2018, www.nature.com/articles/s41537-018-0049-5.

• Nishioka, Masaki, et al. “Identification of Somatic Mutations in Monozygotic Twins Discordant for Psychiatric Disorders.” Nature News, Nature Publishing Group, 13 Apr. 2018, www.nature.com/articles/s41537-018-0049-5.

• Saey, Tina Hesman. “Some Identical Twins Don't Have the Exact Same DNA.” Science News for Students, 14 Jan. 2021, www.sciencenewsforstudents.org/article/some-identical-twins-dont-have-identical-dna-genetics.

• Understanding Genetics, genetics.thetech.org/ask/ask112. Understanding Genetics, genetics.thetech.org/ask-a-geneticist/identical-twin-discordance-autism.

• Why Are Identical Twins Different? - Verywell Family. www.verywellfamily.com/why-are-identical-twins-different-2447125.

• Why Identical Twins Dont Always Look the Same | KQED. www.kqed.org/futureofyou/134603/why-identical-twins-dont-always-look-the-same.

The Case for Learning History in Science Class

• Lax, E. (2005). The Mould in Dr Florey's Coat. London: Abacus. McKenna, M. (2018). Plucked!: The truth about chicken. London: Little, Brown.

• DW. Brazil - the virus hunters. DW TV Close Up, uploaded March 11, 2020, https://p.dw.com/p/3kmT6

• Menzies, R. Opening of the Howard Florey Laboratory, University of Melbourne, August 30 1963, Melbourne, Australia.

Perpetual Foreigners in America

• Chen HA, Trinh J, Yang GP. Anti-Asian sentiment in the United States - COVID-19 and history. Am J Surg. 2020;220(3):556-557. doi:10.1016/j.amjsurg.2020.05.020

• Cheng, Hsiu-Lan (2020) "Xenophobia and Racism Against Asian Americans During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Mental Health Implications," Journal of Interdisciplinary Perspectives and Scholarship: Vol. 3 , Article 3.

• Greenberg, A. (2020, July 14). How the stress of racism can harm your health-and what that has to do with covid-19. Retrieved March 04, 2021, https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/ article/racism-stress-covid-allostatic-load/

• Steimer T. (2002). The biology of fear- and anxiety-related behaviors. Dialogues in clinical neuroscience, 4(3), 231–249. https://doi.org/10.31887/DCNS.2002.4.3/tsteimer

• Tessler, H., Choi, M., & Kao, G. (2020). The Anxiety of Being Asian American: Hate Crimes and Negative Biases During the COVID-19 Pandemic. American journal of criminal justice : AJCJ, 1–11. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12103-020-09541-5

• Thames, A.D., Irwin, M.R., Breen, E.C., & Cole, S.W. (2019). Experienced discrimination and racial differences in leukocyte gene expression. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 106,
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• The model minority myth. (2019, March 26). Retrieved March 04, 2021, from https://thepractice.law.harvard.edu/article/the-model-minority-myth/

• University of Southern California. (2019, May 31). Racism has a toxic effect: Study may explain how racial discrimination raises the risks of disease among African Americans. ScienceDaily. www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/05/190531100558.htm

• Zhang, Y., Zhang, L., & Benton, F. (2021). Hate Crimes against Asian Americans. American journal of criminal justice : AJCJ, 1–21. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12103-020-09602-9

Big Red’s Feathered Friends

• The Denisonian. (2018, April 16). The Mysterious Departure of the Big Red Buzzards. https:// denisonian.com/2018/04/news/the-mysterious-departure-of-the-big-red-buzzards/

• Kirk, D. A., & Mossman, M. J. (2020, March 4). Introduction - Turkey Vulture (Cathartes aura). Birds of the World. https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/turvul/cur/introduction

• Loss, S. R., Marra, P. P., & Will, T. (2013). The impact of free-ranging domestic cats on wildlife of the United States [Abstract]. Nature Communication, 4(1396). https://doi. org/10.1038/ncomms2380

• Loss, S. R., Will, T., & Marra, P. P. (2014). Refining Estimates of Bird Collision and Electrocution Mortality at Power Lines in the United States [Abstract]. PLOS ONE, 9(7). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0101565

• Loss, S. R., Will, T., Loss, S. S., & Marra, P. P. (2014). Bird–building collisions in the United States: Estimates of annual mortality and species vulnerability [Abstract]. The Condor, 116(1), 8-23. https://doi.org/10.1650/CONDOR-13-090.1

• McGraw, K. J., & Middleton, A. L. (2020, March 4). Movement and Migration - American Goldfinch (Spinus tristis). Birds of the World. https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ amegfi/cur/movement

• Ogada, D. L., Virani, M. Z., & Keesing, F. (2012). Dropping dead: Causes and consequences of vulture population declines worldwide. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1249(1), 57-71. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2011.06293.x

• Powell, H. (2017, May 5). Why Birds Hit Windows—And How You Can Help Prevent It. All About Birds. https://www.allaboutbirds.org/news/why-birds-hit-windows-and-how- you-can-help-prevent-it/

• Preston, C. R., & Beane, R. D. (2020, March 4). Introduction - Red-tailed Hawk (Buteo jamaicensis). Birds of the World. https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rethaw/cur/ introduction

• Rosenberg, K. V., Dokter, A. M., Blancher, P. J., Sauer, J. R., Smith, A. C., Smith, P. A., Stanton, J. C., Panjabi, A., Helft, L., Parr, M., & Marra, P. P. (2019). Decline of the North American avifauna. Science, 366(6461), 120-124. https://doi.org/10.1126/science. aaw1313

• Weidensaul, S., Robinson, T. R., Sargent, R. R., Sargent, M. B., & Zenzal, T. J. (2020, March 4). Movements and Migration - Ruby-throated Hummingbird (Archilochus Colubris). https:// birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rthhum/cur/movement

More Attractive Than You’d Think

• Commissariat, T. (2017, August 25). Atomic magnetometer is most sensitive yet. Retrieved February 24, 2021, from https://physicsworld.com/a/atomic-magnetometer-is-most-sensitive-yet/#:~:text=Atomic%20magnetometers%20work%20by%20detecting,by%20an%20external%20magnetic%20field.&text=This%20is%20normally%20done%20by,proportional%20to%20the%20magnetic%20field.

• Fabricant, A., Iwata, G.Z., Scherzer, S. et al. Action potentials induce biomagnetic fields in carnivorous Venus flytrap plants. Sci Rep 11, 1438 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-81114-w

• Fox, A. (2021, February 10). Magnetic fields detected in Venus Flytraps. Retrieved February 24, 2021, from https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/magnetic-fields-detected-venus-flytraps-180976967/

• Johannes Gutenberg Universitaet Mainz. (2021, February 2). Venus flytraps found to produce magnetic fields: Physicists use atomic magnetometers to measure the biomagnetic signals of the carnivorous plant. ScienceDaily. Retrieved February 23, 2021 from www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2021/02/210202113815.htm

• Saplakoglu, Y. (2021, February 05). Venus flytraps produce magnetic fields when they eat. Retrieved February 24, 2021, from https://www.livescience.com/venus-flytrap-magnetic-field.html

Battle for the “Healthiest Protein”

• Antonio, J., Ellerbroek, A., Silver, T., Vargas, L., Tamayo, A., Buehn, R., & Peacock, C. A. (2016). A High Protein Diet Has No Harmful Effects: A One-Year Crossover Study in Resistance-Trained Males. Journal of nutrition and metabolism, 2016, 9104792. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/9104792

• Berrazaga, I., Micard, V., Gueugneau, M., & Walrand, S. (2019). The Role of the Anabolic Properties of Plant- versus Animal-Based Protein Sources in Supporting Muscle Mass Maintenance: A Critical Review. Nutrients, 11(8), 1825. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11081825

• Chavarro, J. E., Rich-Edwards, J. W., Rosner, B. A., & Willett, W. C. (2008). Protein intake and ovulatory infertility. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 198(2), 210.e1– 210.e2107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2007.06.057

• Volek, J. S., Volk, B. M.,et al. (2013). Whey protein supplementation during resistance training augments lean body mass. Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 32(2), 122–135. https://doi.org/10.1080/07315724.2013.793580

• Song, M., Fung, T. T., et al. (2016). Association of Animal and Plant Protein Intake With All-Cause and Cause- Specific Mortality. JAMA internal medicine, 176(10), 1453–1463. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2016.4182

Sustainable Agriculture through Ancient Technology

• How is rice grown. (n.d.). Retrieved February 23, 2021, from http://ricepedia.org/rice-as-a-crop/how-is-rice-grown

• NOVA online | Japan's Secret GARDEN | build a rice paddy. (n.d.). Retrieved February 23, 2021, from https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/satoyama/hillside.html

• Paddy. (n.d.). Retrieved February 23, 2021, from https://www.britannica.com/topic/paddy

• Qiu, J. (2009, August 18). China cuts methane emissions from rice fields. Retrieved March 06, 2021, from https://www.nature.com/news/2009/090818/full/news.2009.833.html#:~:text=Paddy%20fields%20account%20for%20around,decay%20any%20flooded%20organic%20matter.

Medically Induced Comas

• Aminoff, M. (2012). Chapter 3 - Electroencephalography: General Principles and Clinical Applications. In 1211608485 902823814 M. Aminoff (Ed.), Aminoff's Electrodiagnosis in Clinical Neurology (6th ed., pp. 37-84). China: Elsevier. doi:10.1016/B978-1-4557-0308-1.00003-0

• Lee, M. W., Deppe, S. A., Sipperly, M. E., Barrette, R. R., & Thompson, D. R. (1994). The efficacy of Barbiturate coma in the management of uncontrolled intracranial hypertension FOLLOWING Neurosurgical Trauma. Journal of Neurotrauma, 11(3), 325-331. doi:10.1089/neu.1994.11.325

• Nordby, H. K., & Nesbakken, R. (1984). The effect of high dose barbiturate decompression after severe head injury: a controlled clinical trial. Acta Neurochirurgica, 72(3-4), 157-166. doi:10.1007/bf01406868

• Schalen, W., Sonesson, B., Messeter, K., Nordstrom, G., & Nordstrom, C. -. (1992). Clinical outcome and cognitive impairment in patients with severe head injuries treated with barbiturate coma. Acta Neurochirurgica, 117(3-4), 153-159. doi:10.1007/bf01400613

Dancing to Unleash Creativity

• Faber, R. (2017). Dance and early childhood cognition: The Isadora Effect. Arts Education Policy Review, 118(3), 172–182. doi.org/10.1080/10632913.2016.1245166.

• Gilbert, A. G. (2015). Creative Dance for All Ages: A conceptual approach (2nd ed.). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.

• Hansen, P., & Oxoby, R. J. (2017). An earned presence: studying the effect of multi-task improvisation systems on cognitive and learning capacity. Connection Science, 29(1), 77–93. doi.org/10.1080/09540091.2016.1277692.

• Oppici, L., Rudd, J. R., Buszard, T., & Spittle, S. (2020). Efficacy of a 7-week dance (RCT) PE curriculum with different teaching pedagogies and levels of cognitive challenge to improve working memory capacity and motor competence in 8–10 years old children. Psychology of Sport & Exercise, 50. doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2020.101675.

• Slepian, M. L., & Ambady, N. (2012). Fluid movement and creativity. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 141(4), 625–629. doi.org/10.1037/a0027395.

The Great Firewall of China

• “China.” The World Factbook, Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), February 2021, www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/china/#communications

• “Remotely Triggered Black Hole Filtering - Destination Based and Source Based.” Cisco Systems, 2005, www.cisco.com/c/dam/en_us/about/security/intelligence/blackhole.pdf.

• Hall , Joseph Lorenzo, et al. “A Survey of Worldwide Censorship Techniques.” Internet Engineering Task Force, Internet Engineering Task Force, 26 Nov. 2018, tools.ietf.org/id/draft-hall-censorship-tech-05.html.

• Bevand, Marc. My Experience With the Great Firewall of China, 14 Jan. 2016, blog.zorinaq.com/my-experience-with-the-great-firewall-of-china/.

• Crawley, Kim. “Explain How a Virtual Private Network (VPN) Works.” AT&T Cybersecurity, AT&T, 31 May 2020, cybersecurity.att.com/blogs/security-essentials/explain-how-vpn-works.

• Anonymous. “Towards a Comprehensive Picture of the Great Firewall's DNS Censorship.” USENIX, 2015, www.usenix.org/system/files/conference/foci14/foci14-anonymous.pdf.

• Trajkov, Tome. “How to Unblock Websites in China.” PC Wizard Pro, 26 Jan. 2018, pcwizardpro.com/how-to-unblock-websites-in-china/.

• Hoffman, Chris. “How the ‘Great Firewall of China’ Works to Censor China's Internet.” How-To Geek, 10 Sept. 2017, www.howtogeek.com/162092/htg-explains-how-the-great-firewall-of-china-works/.

Hey, Your Body is Calling

• Fitbit. (2020). Fitbit SpO2 User Manual: Version J. San Francisco, CA: Author.

• France-Presse, A. (2021, February). Google Fit App Will Now Allow Pixel Users to Measure Heart and Respiration Rate using Smartphone Camera. Tech2. Retrieved from https://www.firstpost.com/tech/news-analysis/google-fit-app-will-now-allow-pixel-users-to-measure-heart-and-respiration-rate-using-smartphone-camera-9274091.html

• Tiwari, R., Kumar, R., Malik, S., Raj, T., & Kumar, P. (2020). Analysis of Heart rate Variability and Implication of Different Factors on Heart Rate Variability. Current cardiology reviews, 10.2174/1573403X16999201231203854. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.2174/1573403X16999201231203854

• Venkatraman, S., Gee Jao Yuen, S. (2014). Wearable heart rate monitor (U.S. Patent No. 8,945,017). U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. https://patents.google.com/patent/US8945017B2/en

America’s New Energy Resource

• Cohen, A. (2020). Does Geothermal Energy Have A Future Under The Biden Administration? (T. Yuzucu, Ed.), Forbes Magazine. Retrieved from https://www.forbes.com/sites/arielcohen/2020/12/11/does-geothermal-energy-have-a-future-under-the-biden-administration/?sh=223231404415

• Cohen, A. (2020). Goldman Sachs: Renewable Power Will Become The Largest Area Of Spending In The Energy Industry In 2021. (T. Yuzucu, Ed.), Forbes Magazine. Retrieved from https://www.forbes.com/sites/arielcohen/2020/11/17/goldman-sachs-renewable-power-will-become-the-largest-area-of-spending-in-the-energy-industry-in-2021/?sh=735aec4863eb

• Idaho National Laboratory. (2006, November). The Future of Geothermal Energy. U.S. Department of Energy: MIT. Retrieved from https://energy.mit.edu/wp-content/uploads/2006/11/MITEI-The-Future-of-Geothermal-Energy.pdf

• Jensen, D. (2009). Forget Shorter Showers. Orion Magazine. Retrieved from https://orionmagazine.org/article/forget-shorter-showers/

• Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy. (2016, May). How an Enhanced Geothermal System Works. Energy.gov. U.S. Department of Energy. Retrieved from https://www.energy.gov/eere/geothermal/how-enhanced-geothermal-system-works

• U.S. Energy Information Administration. (2020, March 20). Electricity Explained. U.S Energy Information Administration . U.S. Department of Energy. Retrieved from https://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/electricity/electricity-in-the-us.php

• U.S. Energy Information Administration. (2020, June 18). Use of Energy Explained. U.S Energy Information Administration. U.S. Energy Information Administration. Retrieved from https://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/use-of-energy/

• U.S. Energy Information Administration. (2020, November 2). What is U.S. electricity generation by energy source? U.S. Energy Information Administration. Retrieved from https://www.eia.gov/tools/faqs/faq.php?id=427&t=3